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The Ṣadr Dīwānī ʿAdālat () (English: Sudder Dewanny Adawlut) was the Supreme Court of Revenue in British India established at Calcutta by Warren Hastings in 1772.〔(A Comprehensive History of India, Volume 3 )〕 It was reformed in 1780 and again in 1793 by the British Parliament.〔Campbell, Lawrence Dundas (ed), Asiatic Annual Register for 1802, or A View of the History of Hindustan and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia, London, J. Debrett, 1803, footnote pp.97-100, Miscellaneous Tracts ()〕 The court's judges were the Governor General and Council Members of the East India Company, assisted by native judges and officers of revenue.〔Campbell〕 ==Translation== The term is in the Urdu language: *''Sudder'' signifies literally "the breast"; the fore-court of a house; the chief seat of government, contradistinguished from Mofussil, or interior of the country; the presidency.〔Mill, adding further: "Sudder Dewanny Adawlut. The chief civil court of justice under the () Company's government, held at the presidency"〕 *''Dewan'' is an ancient Persian word which was adopted throughout the Islamic world, meaning a powerful government official, minister or ruler.〔Mill, Glossary: "Dewan, Duan: Place of assembly. Native minister of the revenue department; and chief justice, in civil causes, within his jurisdiction; receiver-generad of a province. The term is also used, to designate the principal revenue servant under an European collector, and even of a Zemindar. By this title, the East India Company are receivers-general of the revenues of Bengal, under a grant from the Great Mogul"〕 *''Adawlut'', signifying "justice", "equity", a court of justice. The term Dewanny Adawlut signifies a civil court of justice. Foujdarry Adawlut signifies a criminal court of justice.〔Mill, James, The History of British India, Vol. 1 (of 6), 3rd Edition, London, 1826, Glossary ()〕〔Mill (1826), Glossary: "Foujdar, Fojedar, Phousdar, Fogedar: Under the Mogul government, a magistrate of the police over a large district, who took cognizance of all criminal matters within his jurisdiction, and sometimes was employed as receiver-general of the revenues...Foujdarry, Fojedaree: Office of a Foujdar...Foujdarry Court. A court for administering the criminal law"; Mofussil Dewanny Adawlut: Provincial court of civil justice.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sadr Diwani Adalat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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